<p>East Church Street–Starling Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Martinsville, Virginia. It encompasses 117 contributing buildings, 1 contributing structure, and 1 contributing object in a residential section of Martinsville. The buildings range in date from the range in date from the mid 1880s to the mid-1950s and include notable examples of the Tudor Revival and Colonial Revival styles. Notable buildings include the James Cheshire House, the Obidiah Allen House, John W. Carter House , Christ Episcopal Church , G.T. Lester House or the “Wedding Cake House” , John W. Townes House , Vaughn M. Draper House , and Martinsville High School  and Gymnasium Building . Located in the district are the separately listed John Waddey Carter House, Scuffle Hill, and the Little Post Office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Croche Lake  is located in Sainte-Thècle, in the Mekinac Regional County Municipality, in Mauricie, in Quebec, Canada. From the beginning of the colonization of Sainte-Thècle , the area around the lake was used for forestry and agriculture. By the mid- 20th Century, the resort has grown intensely. Today, this lake is renowned for its recreo-touristic attractions and activities.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>Bank of place names of Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Quebec) has 293 names using the term "Croche". In the nineteenth Century, the term "Croche" has been widely adopted for naming rivers, lakes, streams and roads, during the exploration and colonization of the territories. In Quebec, a large number of homonyms "Lac Croche" create some confusion. As a result, many names "Lac Croche" are gradually replaced by more distinctive names.</p><br>
<p>The name "Lac Croche" was officially registered on December 5, 1968, at the Bank of place names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Croche Lake in Sainte-Thècle is part of a series of lakes in lines in the north-south axis between Hervey-Jonction and Saint-Tite: lac en coeur (Heart Lake), lac des tounes, Croche Lake, lac-aux-chicots (snags lake), lac à la peinture (painting lake), lac Trottier, lac à la perchaude (perch lake) and former lake Kapibouska (formed by a widening of the Rivière des Envies). Due to a geological fracture of bark land, Lac-aux-chicots et lac Croche are located at the foot of a long cliff more or less regular (located on the east side of the chain of lakes).</p><br>
<p>With a length of 3.9 km (including a strait 0.4 km between the mouth and “rue Du Pont” (street of the bridge), the shape of Lake Croche in Sainte-Thècle is particularly long. The northern part of the lake (the largest in area) looks like a big cucumber slightly misshapen, with a length of 2.4 km and a maximum width of 0.32 km. A pass (approximately 0.53 km in length with a few hooks and berries), connects the northern and southern part of the lake. The connotation "Croche" is more applicable to this narrow pass. The southern part of the lake (with a length of 0.45 km and a width of 0.35 km) has the shape of a boot with the tip pointing towards the mouth of the lac, on the west side. At the center of this part, the municipality has a giant illuminated fountain.</p><br>
<p>The "Lac en Coeur" (Heart Lake) at northwest of the hamlet of Hervey-Jonction is the head lake of the "Rivière en Coeur" (Heart river) that descends to the south through the "Lac des Tounes" (Lake of Tunes) (with a length of 0,2 km). Lake outlet of "Lac des tounes" (called "Heart River") flows from the north into the "Lac Croche".</p><br>
<p>The mouth of Lake Croche (south-west) drains into a stream that connects the outlet of the “Lac-aux-Chicots” where Clement Saint-Amand had operated a sawmill at Saint–Michel-South row. The latter discharge flows into the Rivière des Envies.</p><br>
<p>St. Jean Optismist Park that was built on the south-east of the lake, in the heart of the village of Sainte-Thècle, is a popular attraction for residents and visitors, especially in summer. It has a beautiful beach, picnic tables, activity areas for children and a variety of accommodations for the organization of public events. The designated Laurent Naud waterfront promenade from the “rue du Pont” (street of the bridge) goes up to the Saint-Jean Optimist Park. From this promenade, visitors can contemplate the beauty of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The colonization of the territory of Sainte-Thècle, located in the Lordship of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade began by clearing lots of Rang Saint -Michel, which borders the west side of the “Lac aux chicots"and "Lake Croche". At the beginning of the settlement, a first rudimentary road links the “rang des Pointes” (row of spikes) Saint-Tite to forest land (further north) which was recently opened to settlement. Before the construction of roads and bridges over the culverts, ice roads on Lake Croche and “Lac-aux-Chicots” (lake of snags) and allow the families of settlers to move to winter Saint-Tite, the main business center of the region, or still to logging camps until Missionary Lake. In summer, the settlers used small boats or barges.</p><br>
<p>This chain lake is bordered on the east side by Rang Saint-Pierre, which is colonized soon after Rang Saint -Michel and Saint-Joseph.</p><br>
<p>Lac Croche served including for the floating logs headed to sawmill of Theophile Magnan and his son Napoleon Magnan, built at the mouth of Lake Croche, near the dam.</p><br>
<p>Covered bridge of Lake Croche, connecting Rang Saint-Michel North and Du Pont Street in the lower village, was demolished in July 1955 to be replaced by the current bridge.</p><br>
<p>At the coldest peak of the winter, ice on the lake was cut by men on Lake Croche with handed saw in order to fill the coolers of village or rows residents. They lifted the ice with hooks ice. A public warehouse for ice was located at the edge of the lake, near the Tessier street.</p><br>
<p>The Matthew Jones House is a historic plantation house located on Fort Eustis in Newport News, Virginia. The house sits on a hill toward the northern end of Mulberry Island, overlooking the James River. It was built ca. 1725 as a one-and-a-half-story frame dwelling with brick chimneys and later underwent two major renovations. During the first renovation, in 1730, the walls were bricked in and a shed room and porch tower were added. During the second, in 1893, the house was raised to a full two stories. In 1918 the house and its surrounding land were acquired by the USA government for the establishment of an army post. By the late twentieth century, the Matthew Jones House had fallen into grave disrepair. In 1993 it was preserved and rehabilitated by the National Park Service in cooperation with the USA Army Corps of Engineers. Today it serves as an architectural museum.</p><br>
<p>At times in the past the Matthew Jones House was also known as the “Brick House” for its construction, and the nearby creek, now known as Milstead Creek, was once called Brick House Creek. It is frequently stated in popular histories of the area and on the Matthew Jones House roadside historical marker that the plantation was once known as “Bourbon".</p><br>
<h2>Period I (ca. 1725)</h2><br>
<p>The Matthew Jones House, named after its original owner, was built around 1725 as a -story frame house with brick chimneys. The house in its earliest form was earthfast – rather than the house standing on a foundation, its main structural posts extended into the ground. The original form of the house was a two-room hall and parlor style dwelling, with the hall serving as a multipurpose living and working room and the parlor, or chamber, used for sleeping and private dining.</p><br>
<p>An exterior brick kitchen was built in 1727.</p><br>
<h2>Period II (1730)</h2><br>
<p>Matthew Jones died in 1728 and left his house to his son Scervant, who was a minor at the time. Scervant’s guardian, John Jones, embarked on improvements to the house which had probably been planned by Matthew before his death. The exterior walls of the house were rebuilt in brick, though several beams from the earlier framing were retained as part of the roof framing and have survived to this day. The house also acquired a cellar at this time and was no longer earthfast, but rather had a brick foundation. The foundation was laid in English bond, while brickwork in the rest of the house was laid using Flemish bond. Several decorative elements are present in the brickwork: the headers of the bricks are glazed, and rubbed bricks were used around the windows and at the corners of the building.</p><br>
<p>Two additions were made to the house at this time: a shed room at the back of the building and a two-story porch tower at the front. The shed room provided additional sleeping or storage space, while the new tower entry provided a measure of control over who had access to the interior, private spaces of the house. In the second quarter of the eighteenth century, central passages were becoming commonly used for this purpose. The Joneses likely built the porch tower, a more old-fashioned architectural feature, rather than a central passage because there was not enough space within the existing plan of the house to insert a passage without making the size of the rooms to either side inconveniently small.</p><br>
<p>Dendrochronological testing of several of the timbers from this period of renovation revealed that the trees used were felled in 1729 and were used soon after they were cut down, probably in 1730.</p><br>
<h2>Period III (1893)</h2><br>
<p>The Matthew Jones House underwent extensive remodeling in 1893. At that time the exterior kitchen was demolished and its bricks used to raise the house to a full two stories. Bricks with the inscription “Matthew Jones 1727,” which had formerly been part of the kitchen, were placed on the façade at the base of the new second story. In contrast with the original brickwork, the bricks of the new addition were laid in seven-course American bond. The outline of the original roof is still visible at each end of the building, more steeply pitched than the current roof. To accommodate the new, higher roofline, the original chimneys were heightened by adding twin stacks to the top of each. The windows were replaced, and a second door was cut into the east wall of the house, which eventually led to a frame addition which was built sometime between 1893 and the 1910s. This addition was present when photographs were taken in the 1930s but has since been demolished.</p><br>
<h2>The Matthew Jones House on Fort Eustis</h2><br>
<p>In 1918 the USA government purchased Mulberry Island and the surrounding land in order to establish an army post known as Camp Eustis, now Fort Eustis. The Matthew Jones House was among the properties acquired at this time. The Army used the building as post housing for several decades. After World War II, the house was abandoned and sat vacant for years.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, a project to measure and record the Matthew Jones House was undertaken as part of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS). Drawings of all four elevations and floor plans of the first and second floors and of the cellar were produced, and ten photographs of the exterior were taken. A HABS inventory form was completed in 1959. In April 1969 the house was declared a Virginia Historic Landmark, and in June of the same year it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>By the late twentieth century, the house was noticeably deteriorating. Members of the Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association took notice and urged the Army to take steps to preserve it. In 1993, personnel from the National Park Service’s Williamsport Preservation Training Center (WPTC), using funding provided by the Norfolk office of the USA Army Corps of Engineers, undertook a project to halt the decline of the house. The primary objective of this project was the stabilization and preservation of the building, with a secondary goal of providing the opportunity for visitors to see the building techniques that were used in the past. In order to facilitate this second objective, it was decided to leave the interior of the building in a state of “semi-ruin,” with architectural elements exposed. All Period I and II elements were left intact, while Period III elements were repaired if possible or replaced, and twentieth-century features were removed. The exterior of the house was restored to its Period III appearance. Today the house is managed by the Fort Eustis Cultural Resources program.</p><br>
<p>References:</p><br>
<p>Simon Reid Curtis House, now known as the Boxwood Inn, is a historic home located in the Lee Hall neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia. It was built in 1897, and is a large, 2 1/2-story, Colonial Revival style frame combined store, post office, and dwelling. The building consists of two separate structures attached to form a “T” shaped building with common architectural features. It was built by Simon Reid Curtis , a prominent businessman and land owner, who was an influential political leader in Warwick County, Virginia from the 1890s until his death in 1949. The Curtis family owned the house until 1996 when it was sold, renovated, and converted into a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Riverside Apartments, also known as Shipyard Apartments, is a historic apartment complex located at Newport News, Virginia. It was built in 1918, and consists of two, four-story, "U"-shaped brick apartment buildings decorated with simple bands of sandstone. The buildings features some classically derived decoration around the portals and a few accents of the same type on the parapets. They were built for the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation to alleviate the housing shortage created by an influx of workers into the Newport News Shipyards during World War I. Two of the four original buildings were destroyed, one in 1975 and the other in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Smiths Pharmacy is a historic commercial building located at Newport News, Virginia. It is a two-story brick building. The first floor was built in 1946 to house the pharmacy with the second floor being added in 1952 to serve as office space. The interior of the first floor remains virtually unaltered with the original pharmaceutical retail space, counters, soda fountain and wooden booths. It was the pharmacy of Dr. Charles Calvin Smith, an African-American pharmacist who established the store to serve that community in Newport News. He opened the first black owned pharmacy in Newport News in 1921. The Smiths Pharmacy was sold to the Eckerd Corporation in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Dumaw Creek Site is an archaeological site designated 20OA5, located along Dumaw Creek northeast of Pentwater, Michigan, that was the location of a 17th-century village and cemetery. It is one of the youngest pre-historic sites in Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village that once stood at this location was likely inhabited in the early part of the 17th century (about 1605–1620, according to Quimby). It is likely that they were uprooted from this location soon after Samuel de Champlain&#39;s 1615 visit to the region, as warring tribes spilled into Michigan. Were they the Potawatomi people, they eventually made their way by the 1640s to the region around Sault Ste. Marie.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, white pine grew up in the plain where the village stood. The pine was lumbered in 1870-1880, after which the land was gradually converted to agricultural use, and was farmed as late as 1930. In the 1940s, oil was discovered in the area, and wells were installed.</p><br>
<p>The Dumaw Creek site was originally discovered in 1915 by a farmer, Christoph "Carl" Schrumpf 1854–1949, who was pulling a stump from his field. Schrumpf discovered 18 skeletons and various artifacts in 1915–16. These artifacts were catalogued by the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan in 1924, but the artifacts and records were not generally well known by archaeologists. Schrumpf eventually sold the collection to a private dealer, and they eventually made their way, sans any identifying data, to George I. Quimby at the Field Museum in 1959.</p><br>
<p>Quimby eventually tracked the source of the artifacts to the Dumaw Creek site, and in 1960-62 did some summer surface collection there. He also located other artifacts already dug from the site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dumaw Creek site is located on a sandy plain near Dumaw Creek, a tributary of the Pentwater River, at a site not easily accessible by canoe. The creek itself runs through a small valley about 30 ft beneath the level of the plain. The site, covering 50 acre, was used as a village and burial ground.</p><br>
<p>The village is thought to have been a semi-permanent settlement with dome-shaped wigwams. The people hunted and fished, and grew corn and pumpkins.</p><br>
<h2>Artifacts</h2><br>
<p>At least nineteen, and perhaps as many as 55 skeletons were removed from burial sites in the Dumaw Creek site. The bodies were wrapped in furs and buried with stone implements and copper beads.</p><br>
<p>The stone implements found include arrowheads, knives, and scraping tools of chipped flint and axes of a hard, granular stone. There were also a considerable number of copper artifacts found at the site. Many were large bead-like tubes of copper known as hair pipes, which were worn as hair ornaments. There were also other, generally smaller copper beads, conical decorations, and copper plaques, as well as shell beads and pendants. Carved stone pipe bowls were also found, as well as animal skins and pottery.</p><br>
<p>Warwick County Courthouses, also known as the Warwick County Courthouse and Clerks Office, is a historic courthouse and clerks office located at Newport News, Virginia. The original courthouse was built in 1810, and is a one-story, three-room, T-shaped plan Federal-style brick building. It has a slate-covered gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The building was later enlarged by a side and rear addition. The later courthouse was built in 1884, and is a two-story, Italianate style brick building. It has a rectangular plan and a shallow metal-covered hipped roof with three shallow cross gables. It features a square wood bell cupola that rises above the central projecting bay. Also on the property is a contributing Confederate monument dedicated in 1909. The buildings housed county offices until 1958, when Warwick County, Virginia was annexed by Newport News.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Noland Company Building is a historic building located at Newport News, Virginia. The original section was built in 1920, and is three stories in height and is a cast-in-place concrete and brick structure. Later additions are a four-story brick addition and two-story brick addition parallel to the four-story section to create a "U" shape. The building took its present form by 1938. It features large industrial-sized windows that provide light in both the three- and four-story sections. Until 1996, the building served as headquarters for the Noland Company, a wholesale distributor of plumbing, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, electrical, and industrial supplies.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Whittaker Memorial Hospital is a historic hospital building located in the Brookville Heights neighborhood in the East End of Newport News, Virginia. The original section was built in 1943 with additions in 1957 and 1966. The earliest portion of the building has a symmetrical "T"-plan with both Moderne and Art Deco influences. It has a concrete frame, with concrete roof and floor slabs, and curtain walls constructed of alternating bands of yellow and brown bricks. The central mass is three stories tall and has two-story wings. The Whittaker Memorial Hospital was founded in 1908 to serve the African-American population of Newport News. The hospital was built by African-American physicians and designed by African-American architects. It was originally housed in the James A. Fields House, then in a frame hospital built in 1915 before this building was constructed in 1943. The hospital closed in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Medical Arts Building is an American historic medical office building located at Newport News, Virginia. It was designed by noted architect Charles M. Robinson and built in 1928. It is a four-story, nine bay by ten bay, rectangular brick building with Greek Revival style decorative elements. It has a heavy galvanized metal, denticulated cornice with a denticulated pediment over the projecting center section. The flat roof is fronted by a tall, brick, parapet wall topped by cast concrete. The front entrance is flanked by pilasters that support the entablature with the incised name Medical Arts Building. Above this is a shallow denticulated cornice that crowns the entire composition and carries a cast iron balustrade or false balcony.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas J. Flippin House, also known as the Clatskanie Castle or simply The Castle by some and the Flippin Castle by others, is a 14-room, shingle-style Queen Anne structure in Clatskanie, Oregon. The house was commissioned in 1898 by Thomas J. Flippin, son of Oregon pioneers and founder of the West Oregon Lumber Company. The San Andreas, California, firm of Markwell and Sons built the house, covered in hand-cut shingles made by a brother of Thomas Flippin. The Flippin family occupied the home even before construction ended in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Flippin had begun his lumber career as a skid greaser on a bull-team skid row, and the completion of his new home represented not only a perch above the town of Clatskanie but also a place above local society. The Flippins were not happy in their new home, and remained there only three years before vacating the house and ending their marriage. The house passed through several hands and served as an apartment building prior to being restored. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Emen Island  is a rocky island in the southwest part of Hamburg Bay on the northwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature is 920 m long in southeast-northwest direction and 580 m wide, and is separated from Anvers Island to the south and Petrelik Island to the northwest by 570 m and 160 m wide passages respectively.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the settlement of Emen in Northern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Emen Island is located at 64&deg;32&prime;03&Prime;S latitude, 64&deg;01&prime;14&Prime;W longitude, 10.45 km northeast of Gerlache Point and 8.77 km southwest of Bonnier Point. British mapping in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:250000 topographic map. BAS 250 Series, Sheet SQ 19-20/3&4. London, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Fort Crafford is a historic archaeological site located at Fort Eustis, Newport News, Virginia. It is a pentagonal-shaped earthwork located on Mulberry Island and built by Confederate forces in 1862. The earthworks on Mulberry Island are considered part of the Warwick Line. The purpose of these works was to prevent the Union from flanking the line on the James River. The fort formed the James River terminus of the second trans-peninsula defensive line, which included fortifications at Lees Mill, as well as Dam No.1 and Wynnes Mill in Newport News Park.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Point Battery, a water battery, guarded the Swash Channel along the James River. This battery was a complement to Fort Huger on the south side of the river. In February 1862 a pentagonal earthwork enclosing approximately eight acres was constructed inland from the Mulberry Point Battery to protect the battery from overland attack and to be a refuge for soldiers if the Minor Farm Line (a short rifle line constructed to defend the rear of the battery) was overrun. The fort was called the “covering work at Mulberry Island,” or Mulberry Island Fort; later it became known as Fort Crafford after the owners of the land where it was built. This fort was not intended to be part of the main Warwick Line, but was separated from it by about half a mile so that troops could withdraw from the line into the fort if necessary. Confederate forces withdrew from Mulberry Island in May 1862 to move closer to Richmond, so Fort Crafford never saw combat.</p><br>
<p>The foundation of the Crafford house located within the earthwork was excavated in the 1970s by amateur archaeologists of the Fort Eustis Historical and Archaeological Association. The brick and oyster-shell mortar foundation of the house remains, surrounded by a protective fence.</p><br>
<p>In 1998 archaeologists from the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Archaeological Research conducted investigations into a seventeenth-century occupation of the area within the Civil War fortification. Three areas of seventeenth-century domestic activity were identified.</p><br>
<p>Fort Crafford was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Lees Mill Earthworks is a historic archaeological site located at Newport News, Virginia. The earthworks formed part of the fortifications along the James River, which included fortifications at Fort Crafford, as well as, Dam No.1, and Wynnes Mill in Newport News Park. On April 5, 1862, advance units of Union Brigadier General Erasmus D. Keyes IV Corps, under the command of Union Brigadier General William Farrar Smith, encountered Confederate units commanded by Brigadier General Lafayette McLaws at Lees Mill. Heavy rains and massive earthen fortifications defending the river crossing stopped the Union troops from proceeding to Richmond. Confederate Major General John B. Magruders extensive defensives beginning at Lees Mill and extending to Yorktown along the Warwick River caused the Union Army of the Potomac Commander Major General George B. McClellan to initiate a month-long siege of the Warwick-Yorktown Line which lasted until May 3, 1862 and contributed to the eventual failure of McClellan&#39;s campaign.</p><br>
<p>Lees Mill has recently been preserved and is being transformed into a passive park with trails interpreting the fortifications. The earthen fortifications remain visible in many locations, including Newport News Park and the Lees Mill subdivision. An active effort will be made to delineate, preserve and interpret these earthworks for the future.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Petrelik Island  is a rocky island in the southwest part of Hamburg Bay on the northwest coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature is 380 m long in southwest-northeast direction and 200 m wide, and is separated from Emen Island to the southeast by a 160 m wide passage.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the settlement of Petrelik in Southwestern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Petrelik Island is located at 64&deg;31&prime;46&Prime;S latitude, 64&deg;01&prime;56&Prime;W longitude, 10.34 km northeast of Gerlache Point and 8.85 km southwest of Bonnier Point. British mapping in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:250000 topographic map. BAS 250 Series, Sheet SQ 19-20/3&4. London, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Lee Hall Depot is a historic railway depot located in the Lee Hall neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia. It was built about 1881, as a one-story, frame building. A two-story midsection was added in 1893 with Stick Style embellishments and a pentagonal two-story bay. A one-story wing was added by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway to the north end of the depot in 1918 to handle the influx of military personnel to Fort Eustis. The depot was used for passenger service into the 1970s. The Lee Hall Depot was moved from its original location in 2009 to prevent it from being demolished by the CSX Railroad. The building is under restoration to be used as a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>In September 2015 the Lee Hall Train Station Foundation received a $600,000 federal grant to pay for the building&#39;s restoration.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Stinson Memorial Library is a public library located at 409 S. Main St. in Anna, Illinois. The library was designed by Walter Burley Griffin in 1913 and constructed in 1913&ndash;14. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Walter Burley Griffin studied under Frank Lloyd Wright, and while his early work was similar to Wrights Prairie School designs, his later work exhibited an Expressionist influence as well; the Stinson Memorial Library was one of the latter designs. The buildings exterior consists of three main design elements: a tall limestone base, a concrete band of windows encircling the top of the base, and large concrete pillars on either side of the entrance. The limestone in the base is roughly cut and coursed to give the building a natural appearance. The windows in the upper band are made from leaded glass and feature concrete piers on each side. The sill and lintel of the windows continuously circle the building; the lintel is topped by the library&#39;s low hip roof.</p><br>
<p>The library&#39;s entrance leads to a vestibule with three flights of stairs, one heading to the upper-level library and two to the lower-level auditorium. The library was designed as a single open room with bookshelves delineating the different areas within the space. The room is accentuated by decorative light fixtures and stained glass patterns. The auditorium, which features a stage for performances, is lit by five windows on the rear side of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, Anna businessman Robert Burns Stinson bequeathed his estate to the city to fund a public library. By 1913, the donation had grown large enough to fund the construction of a library, and Griffin was hired to design the building. While the lowest bid on the library initially came from a contractor in St. Louis, Griffin hired F. P. Mueller of Chicago to construct the building, as he was concerned that the original contractor could not carry out his design. Work on the building began in 1913 and was completed in 1914. The library was dedicated on August 14, 1914, shortly after Griffin relocated to Australia; it was one of the last buildings Griffin designed in America. The building has only undergone minor alterations since its construction and still serves as Anna&#39;s public library.</p><br>
<p>The Teufelsberg is a hill massif, 598 metres high, in the southern Palatinate Forest on the territory of Burrweiler in the county of Südliche Weinstraße. It has a subpeak, the Lambertskopf . The Teufelsberg offers extensive views over the Upper Rhine Plain. It is not accessible by motor vehicle but may be ascended on various hiking trails.</p><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<h3>Summit cross</h3><br>
<p>At the highest point on the Teufelsberg, a rock massif, stands a stone weather cross on pyramidal, rough stone pedestal. It was carved by local sculptor, Johannes Minges, and consecrated on 25 July 1909 by the Bishop of Speyer, Konrad von Busch. Hence it bears the colloquial name of "Bishop&#39;s Cross" (Bischofskreuz). This is also the name of a vineyard in nearby Walsheim.</p><br>
<h3>St. Anne's Chapel</h3><br>
<p>On the eastern slopes of the Teufelsberg, between the summit and Burrweiler at a height of 423 metres, is the Roman Catholic St. Anne&#39;s Chapel (Annakapelle), which was built in the 19th century in the Gothic Revival style and to which there are regular pilgrimages in July and August. In addition the parishes of Burrweiler and Flemlingen make their covenant procession (Gelöbnisprozession) to the chapel every year on 1 May.</p><br>
<p>Liverpool Cenotaph stands on St Georges Plateau, to the east of St Georges Hall in Liverpool, England. It was erected as a memorial to those who had fallen in the First World War. The dates of the Second World War were subsequently added. The cenotaph consists of a rectangular block of stone on a stone platform, with bronze, low-relief sculptures on the sides depicting marching troops and mourners. It was designed by Lionel Budden, with carving by Herbert Tyson Smith. Initially designated as a Grade II listed building, its status was raised to Grade I in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1926, a competition was held to create a memorial using public funds, with Charles Reilly, professor of architecture at the University of Liverpool, as assessor. There were 257 entrants; the winning, anonymised entry was by Reilly&#39;s assistant, Lionel Budden. The building contractors appointed were A. E. Bradley and Company, the sculptor was Herbert Tyson Smith, and his bronze sculptures were made at the foundry of the Morris-Singer Company. The cenotaph was unveiled at 11 am on 11 November 1930 by the 17th Earl of Derby.</p><br>
<p>Following the end of the Second World War, the dates 1939 and 1945 were added. These were unveiled on Remembrance Sunday, 10 November 1946, by William G. Gregson, Lord Mayor of Liverpool.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cenotaph consists of a rectangular block of Stancliffe stone, with bronze relief statues on the sides, standing on a platform of Yorkshire Silex stone. The rectangular block is 35 ft long and 11 ft high, the length of the bronze panels is 31 ft, and the platform is 61 ft long and 15 ft deep. It is orientated northeast–southwest, in parallel with St George&#39;s Hall. The bronze relief on the northwest face, opposite the hall, depicts a stream of marching troops in the uniforms of the various armed forces. Above the panel is an inscription reading, and below, the inscription reads. On the southeast face, facing Lime Street station, the panel depicts mourners laying flowers and wreaths on a Stone of Remembrance, with rows of graves in a military cemetery behind them. Above the panel the inscription reads with an added inscription below it reads. Under the panel is an inscription reading. On the shorter northeast and southwest faces are circular bronze shields with the coat of arms of Liverpool and festoons, and the dates of the two wars.</p><br>
<h2>Appraisal</h2><br>
<p>The cenotaph was designated as a Grade II listed building on 28 June 1952. On 8 November 2013, the designation was raised to Grade I. The reasons given for the designation include its design context with its "impressive location" adjacent to St Georges Hall. Also noted is the architectural interest of the cenotaph, with its horizontal lines forming a foil to the vertical columns of the hall. Referring to its sculptural interest, the citation states that the "sculptural work is exceptional and is arguably Tyson Smiths finest and most powerful work". The design is considered to have contemporary significance in that rather than using "allegory and heroic idealisation", it employs "powerful and modern realist portrayals". The quality of its craftsmanship is praised, and it is also to have group value in its location near other listed buildings. In the Pevsner Architectural Guides, Sharples expresses the opinion that "it is one of the most remarkable war memorials in the country".</p><br>
<p>The Obediah Shirley House, sometimes referred to as the Obediah and Jennie Shirley Home is a historic farmhouse with a fieldstone foundation, located near Honea Path, South Carolina. Its construction was completed in several phases in order to accommodate the Shirley family as their family grew in number. The original, one-story log cabin was built in 1826 with the second-floor and two rooms to the north added before 1850. After 1850, a third room was added to the house, which increased the width. The front porch and kitchen were added in later in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was owned by decedents of Obediah Shirley until 1988, when the house and one acre of land was donated to the Obediah Shirley House Foundation. Structural restoration was completed after the donation, including leveling the foundation with boulders from an adjacent property, replacement of the porch roof framing, and a new roof. The house is currently open to tour by appointment.</p><br>
<p>Krivus Island  is the mostly ice-covered island on the east side of Johannessen Harbour in the Pitt group of Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. The feature extends 920 m in north-south direction and 1.06 km in east-west direction.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the medieval fortress of Krivus in Southern Bulgaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Krivus Island is located at 65&deg;25&prime;53&Prime;S latitude, 65&deg;23&prime;05&Prime;W longitude, 1.15 km south-southwest of Vaugondy Island, 1.23 km west of Jingle Island, 730 m west-northwest of Tambra Island, 910 m north of Weller Island and 2.05 km east of Snodgrass Island. British mapping in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 64. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Weißenberg in the Palatine Forest is a hill in the municipality of Merzalben . Its height is variously give as or. The higher value has been officially recommended since 2011. That makes the Weißenberg the highest point in the west of the mountain range, ahead of the Eschkopf and Mosisberg . As part of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve it is protected by special conservation measures.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Weißenberg lies in the central Palatine Forest in the Palatine Forest Nature Park. It rises about 6.5 kilometres east-northeast of Merzalben and eight kilometres north of Hauenstein near the Wilgartswiesen hamlet of Hermersbergerhof. It does not have a single peak, but a saddle-shaped summit running in a north-south direction. The southern peak is high, and the northern peak, 280 metres away, is high.</p><br>
<p>The hill is part of the Frankenweide, a central massif in the Palatine Forest, and is the southernmost in a row of four summits, all above in height. To the north, in sequence, are the Hortenkopf, the Mosisberg and the Eschkopf (each ).</p><br>
<h2>Isolation and prominence</h2><br>
<p>The nearest peaks that are higher than the Weißenberg are the Roßberg and the Steigerkopf mountains; they are 15 kilometres away as the crow flies in the Haardt on the eastern edge of the Palatine Forest. Thus the Weißenberg has a relatively high isolation. In addition, the Weißenberg is not an isolated individual summit, but part of an elongated ridge that runs through the interior of the Palatine Forest in various directions and is a key feature of its relief.</p><br>
<p>If one draw a line of the greatest possible height (the ridgeline) to the next highest summit, this turns out to be the Steigerkopf at. The lowest point on this line is the saddle at Heldenstein Forestry Lodge at. The difference between the elevation of the Weißenberg summit and this saddle represents the prominence of the hill i.e. This relatively low value is due to the morphological structure of the central Palatine Forest described above. For example, it is possible to walk from the Weißenberg to Leimen, Kaiserslautern-Mölschbach, Elmstein and via the forester&#39;s lodges of Taubensuhl and Heldenstein almost as far as the town of Neustadt on ridges without dropping below the 450 metre contour line.</p><br>
<p>The Weinbiet is a hill, in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and is one of the highest hills in the Haardt, the line of mountains and hills forming the eastern edge of the Palatine Forest and facing the Upper Rhine Plain. On the summit is an inn, the Weinbiethaus, a stone-built panorama tower with a weather station and a radio transmission mast.</p><br>
<p>The two striking towers have made the hill a regional landmark above the plains roughly 400 metres below. The Winzergenossenschaft Weinbiet vineyard, on the municipalities of Mußbach (head office), Gimmeldingen and Haardt, takes its name from the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Weinbiet lies northwest and above the town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße on the western shoulder of the graben fault, which led to the sinking of the Rhine Plain. The intrusion was formed in the Old Tertiary about 65 million years ago and lasted until the present period.</p><br>
<p>The eastern spur of the Weinbiet massif, the 316-metre-high Nebelberg (Nöpelberg), is quite striking and runs for almost two kilometres to the edge of the graben fault. Whilst the Gimmelding quarry on the east side of the Nebelberg had been abandoned by the middle of the 20th century, the Haardt quarry on the south side is still working.</p><br>
<p>The southern spur, in the direction of Speyerbach, the 474-metre-high Wolfsberg with the three hectares of nature reserve descends slowly towards the Bergstein (409 metres) in the south-southeast. Here is also the stone relief of the Steinerner Hirsch ("Stony Stag"), from where there is a wide view over the Rhine Plain; further west are the ruins of the Wolfsburg castle and the Hohfels. The Meisental valley runs roughly south to north east of the Wolfsberg whilst to the west is the Nonnental valley.</p><br>
<p>The western spur, the 428-metre-high Schwalbeneck, transitions into the Hinterer Langenberg to the north, whose highest points are in the northwest (466 metres) and southeast (502 metres).</p><br>
<p>High on the north flank of the Weinbiet, enclosed in the Loosenbrunnen well, is the strongest source of the Mußbach, which flows through Gimmeldingen and Mußbach and then empties into the Rehbach, the northern side branch of the Speyerbach.</p><br>
<p>To the north is the forest estate of the town of Deidesheim, to the east, clockwise, are the villages of Königsbach, Gimmeldingen and Haardt as well as the town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße, to the south the quarter of Schöntal, and to the west the village of Lindenberg.</p><br>
<p>Inferno Crater Lake is a large hot spring located in the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley on the North Island of New Zealand, and the largest geyser-like feature in the world. The actual geyser is not visible, as it plays underwater at the bottom of the lake, however, fumaroles are visible on the lake&#39;s shore and the rock wall behind it.</p><br>
<p>The water temperature in the lake ranges from 35 to 80 C, with acidity up to pH 2.2, and lake levels that vary up to 12 m, following a complicated 38-day cycle that includes an overflow stage. White silica deposits grow up to the overflow level, and the lake&#39;s colour is a result of finely divided silica suspended in the water. At low water levels the lake can be a dull grey colour, changing to an intensely sky blue colour at higher lake levels, in particular after the overflow stage.</p><br>
<p>Inferno Crater was blasted out of the side of the locally prominent Mt Haszard as part of the 1886 Mount Tarawera eruption, which opened several craters along a 17 km rift stretching southwest from Mount Tarawera to the nearby Southern Crater. Inferno Crater&#39;s trumpet-shaped lake bed is up to 30 m deep when the lake is full, which is also when it reaches its highest temperature.</p><br>
<p>Since 1901 the lake occupying Inferno Crater has exhibited water-level variations closely associated with the Waimangu Geyser cycle. Inferno Crater Lake and its neighbouring Frying Pan Lake form a unique relationship and follow an interconnected rhythmic cycle of hydrology variations repeating itself over the course of roughly 38 days. When the water level and temperature of Inferno Crater Lake increase, the water level and outflow of Frying Pan Lake decrease. Comparable cyclic activity is unknown in other hydrothermal systems in the world.</p><br>
<p>The system has been the subject of studies since monitoring equipment was installed in the area in 1970. Four distinct phases can be recognised in its cycle: First, the lake level rises steadily from its lowest level by a total of almost 5 m over the course of 8 days, and then it commences oscillating. The average lake level keeps rising over the course of the oscillations of the second phase until it reaches overflow level. At that point, the lake&#39;s volume has increased by 45,800 m&sup3;.</p><br>
<p>Next, the lake overflows for about 51 hours at a rate of almost 80 liter per second, discharging on average 140,000 m&sup3; of over 70 &deg;C hot water down a temporary overflow stream into Waimangu Stream in the valley below. The last stage sees the lake recede to its low level over the last 13 days of the cycle, its water temperature also falling to the low point. During that stage, around 30 million liters of water drain back under Mt Haszard.</p><br>
<p>Inferno Crater Lake is accessible via a side track with 50 steps off the main Waimangu walking track. It is one of three lakes filling craters created in the vicinity during the 1886 event.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pansy, an almost round lake, has a surface area of 50.42 acre. This lake is on the north edge of Winter Haven, Florida. The city limits just reach waters edge on the east and southeast and the south city limits of Lake Alfred, Florida, are just across US Highway 92, which is 100 ft northeast of Lake Pansy. The lakes north and west shores are bordered by woods. The east and northwest shores are bordered by residences and the southeast shore borders a citrus grove. Lake Pansy and the Winter Haven Municipal Airport are separated on the west side of the lake by 21st Street Northwest.</p><br>
<p>Lake Pansy has public access via a public boat ramp on its southeast shore. There are no public swimming areas at this lake. The Hook and Bullet website says this lake contains largemouth bass and perch.</p><br>
<p>Winkle Island is the island lying between Tula Point and Pickwick Island, Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands. It is separated from Renaud Island to the southwest by Mraka Sound.</p><br>
<p>The island was shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. It was named by the UK-APC in 1959 after Nathaniel Winkle, a member of the Pickwick Club in Charles Dickens&#39; Pickwick Papers.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Winkle Island is located at 65&deg;31&prime;S latitude, 65&deg;39&prime;W longitude, 600 m southeast of Pickwick Island, 2.2 km west-southwest of Arrowsmith Island, and 500 m north of the small peninsula ending in Tula Point, Renaud Island. British mapping in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 64. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, UK, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Ware Mounds and Village Site, located west of Ware, Illinois, is an archaeological site comprising three mounds and a 160 acre village site. The site was inhabited by the Late Woodland and Mississippian cultures from c. 800 to c. 1300. The village is one of the only Mississippian villages known to have existed in the Mississippi River valley in Southern Illinois. As the village was located near two major sources of chert, which Mississippian cultures used to make agricultural tools, it was likely a trading center for the mineral.</p><br>
<p>The first of the site&#39;s three mounds is 200 ft in diameter. The graves of indigenous peoples have been found in this mound, which was later used as a cemetery by European settlers. The second mound is 75 ft in diameter, while the third is 250 ft long and 150 ft wide. A fourth mound, which was smaller than the other three, was originally located at the site but was demolished by the construction of Illinois Route 3.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Old Norfolk City Hall, also known as the USA Post Office and Courts Building, is a historic city hall located at Norfolk, Virginia. It was built in 1898-1900, and is a three-story faced with rusticated stone and yellow brick in a Neo-Palladian Revival style. It features a central pedimented engaged portico with Corinthian order pilasters that contains the main entrance. The building housed a post office and Federal courts until they moved to the Walter E. Hoffman United States Courthouse about 1935. Title to the building was transferred from the USA government to the city of Norfolk in 1937, when it was converted into a city hall. The building is under renovation and scheduled to reopen as the main branch of the Norfolk Public Library in 2014.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital is a second-generation Veterans Health Administration hospital in Hines, Illinois, United States. It currently encompasses 174 acre on its campus and leases an additional 60 acre to the Loyola University Medical Center.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1918 on land donated by the Edward Hines Lumber Company that was originally Speedway Park, a board track racecourse. Originally intended to house casualties from World War I, Hines wanted the building to serve as a hospital after the war. Hines was successful in lobbying the United States Congress to take over the facility as a veterans hospital in 1920. Since the first patient was admitted on August 8, 1921, Hines has been a leader in the Veterans Affairs network and has partnered with five medical schools to develop a comprehensive residency program. In 2013, 45 acre of the campus, including the Old Airmail and Postal Service Buildings from the Maywood Air Mail Field, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Speedway Park and early developments</h3><br>
<p>The history of the property in Hines, Illinois began in 1835, when the land was sold to Frederick Bronson by the United States government. The land was used for farming until 1914, when the Speedway Park Association purchased the 320 acre lot to develop a race track. The organization built a 2 mi oval wooden track on the land and held races starting in June 1915. The track was one of the longest board tracks in the United States. The course was host to a number of national and international racing competitions featuring competitors such as Barney Oldfield, Ralph DePalma, Louis Chevrolet, and Dario Resta. The track was initially very successful, attracting as many as 45,000 spectators. However, the entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917 doomed the financial viability of the racetrack. It was one of the first board tracks to close; most board tracks in the United States were closed by the end of the 1930s.</p><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The course was purchased in December 1917 by the Edward Hines Lumber Company on behalf of Edward Hines Sr. Once the United States entered World War I, the City of Chicago sought a site for a temporary military hospital. Edward Hines Jr. was killed on the front lines in France in the opening months of American involvement in the war. In his memory, Hines Sr. offered to donate his new property as a potential site of the Chicago facility; it was selected in September 1918. The Field Museum of Natural History was also considered as a location for the facility. However, it was feared that the conversion of the museum to a medical facility would prove too costly. The fact that Hines&#39; hospital was built to be a hospital also played in his favor. Hines intended to build a fireproof building that could house casualties during the war and then operate as a public hospital after the war. Schmidt, Garden and Martin and H. B. Wheelock were awarded the commission to design the facility, and the Shank Company was tasked with its construction.</p><br>
<p>When World War I ended in November 1918, the agreement with Hines was terminated as there was no longer a need to house casualties. The hospital stood partially constructed for the next two years as Hines led an effort to lobby Congress to have the building taken over by the United States Public Health Service. Secretary of the Treasury Carter Glass disapproved of the plan because no official contract was signed between Hines and the federal government. However, an investigation by the United States Department of War found sufficient evidence of a verbal agreement between the two parties. With help from Congressmen Adolph J. Sabath, James Robert Mann, Martin B. Madden, and Carl R. Chindblom, a Senate vote on the matter passed 33 to 27. $3.4 million was appropriated to the project under the condition that Hines provided an additional $1.6 million. The transfer was approved in March 1920 and construction began again.</p><br>
<p>The campus was originally known as USA Public Health Service Hospital Number 76, and was popularly referred to as Speedway Hospital or Broadview Hospital. In honor of his contribution to see the facility completed, on October 24, 1921, President Warren G. Harding declared that the facility was to be renamed to honor Hines&#39; son. It was the first American veterans hospital to be named after a person. The first patient was admitted on August 8, 1921. A dedication ceremony was held on November 6, 1921 led by Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch and Senator Medill McCormick.</p><br>
<h3>1920s–1940s expansions</h3><br>
<p>The Main Infirmary Building was capable of housing a thousand beds, and by February 1922, was already near capacity. The unique building was only 50 ft wide, but 2,040 ft long so that every room could have sunlight. It was also the largest fireproof hospital in the nation, and featured many state-of-the-art technologies such as an electric call system and an x-ray department. Seven other buildings were erected during initial construction in 1921: the Morgue and Utility Shops; the Recreational and Library Building; the Kitchen, Chapel, and Social Service Building; the Power House; the Subsistence Building; the Garage; and the Supply Depot. The facility was transferred from the Public Health Service to the recently created Veterans Bureau in April 1922. By 1925, the campus saw over 3,100 admissions per year.</p><br>
<p>In May 1928, President Calvin Coolidge approved a $15 million appropriation to improve veterans health facilities, including $1.1 million for Hines. With this money, the hospital was able to renovate its staff quarters into tuberculosis and behavioral health wards. They also built a new administration building and employee housing, thus opening more space in the Main Infirmary Building, increasing its capacity to 1,600. It was also at this point that the hospital grounds were extensively landscaped with a sunken garden, a new street lighting system, a new east entrance, and new drives. The landscaping is attributed to Jens Jensen, although it is uncertain if Jensen&#39;s design was ever implemented. On July 26, 1931, the Doughboy Fountain was donated by the Cook County American Legion Auxiliary in honor of World War I veterans. A memorial to Medal of Honor recipient George Dilboy, who was killed in the war, was unveiled in 1942. Hines Hospital became the national leader in surgery for veterans facilities, performing over 14,600 procedures per year by 1935.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, a new eighty-three building complex was built adjacent to the property with a $4.5 million appropriation. Known as the Vaughan General Hospital, it was built on the 102 acre grounds of the former Maywood Air Mail Field to serve the needs of the Army. The first patient was admitted on August 1, 1944. The new campus was added to the Hines complex after the war in April 1946, increasing the capacity of Hines from 1,600 to 3,253 beds. The new campus also afforded Hines the opportunity to manufacture some of its medical equipment and establish a medical research division. In 1946, Hines partnered with five medical schools to become a training center.</p><br>
<h3>1960s to present</h3><br>
<p>In 1962, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare transferred 31 acres of the Hines property to the State of Illinois Department of Mental Health so that they could build a new mental health facility. The John J. Madden Clinic took over mental health operations from the hospital, allowing Hines to re-purpose 280 beds to intensive care. Also that year, 60 acre of the Vaughan campus were leased to Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine to build a new medical school. The 451-bed Foster G. McGraw Hospital, later known as the Loyola University Medical Center, opened on May 29, 1969. This partnership allowed Hines to have one of the most comprehensive residency programs among veterans hospitals.</p><br>
<p>The Vietnam War brought another influx of injured veterans to Hines. In response, a $32 million, 1,200 bed hospital was built from 1966 to 1970 to replace the Main Infirmary Building. A 120-bed Nursing Home Care Unite was completed in 1982 to treat aging veterans of the two World Wars. By the early 1990s, the complex had sixty-two buildings, including one of five Blind Rehabilitation Centers in the Veterans Affairs network. A fifteen-bedroom Ronald McDonald House was added in 1994. By 1996, the facility had serviced 900,000 patients. The most recent developments are a new Blind Rehabilitation Center and Spinal Cord Injury Center in 2005.</p><br>
<h3>Historical recognition</h3><br>
<p>The historic value of the campus was recognized in 1980, when the Old Airmail and Postal Service Buildings were determined to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service. The buildings may be the oldest mail airport structures in the United States, serving the Postal Service between 1922 and 1927. Charles Lindbergh piloted the maiden air mail flight between Chicago and St. Louis, Missouri on April 15, 1926. Today, they house a garage and an inflammable storage building. Two years later, the VA hospital was also determined eligible for listing, although neither property was listed in the following decades. These two entities were combined into the Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital Historic District, which was listed on October 9, 2013. The 45 acre district includes twenty-six of the early buildings on campus.</p><br>
<p>Woodson Farmstead was a historic agricultural property located off of Three Bridges Road near the intersection of South Carolina Highway 153 in Powdersville, South Carolina. It consisted of an early twentieth century fruit and pecan grove, a ca. 1875 well house and cotton house and a farmhouse built in 1895. The property was originally purchased in 1850 by William Woodson, who sold the property to his nephew, James Allen Woodson in 1892. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<p>In 1895, James Woodson commissioned Washington, D.C.-based builder John O. Scheck to design and construct his farmhouse. Unlike a typical farmhouse in the region, the two-story house was built with Eastlake and Queen Anne ornamentation including stained glass windows and an elaborately detailed porch.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse was the last building standing and it was demolished in 2011. However, the farmstead has not been delisted from the NRHP as of November 13, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Nine Stones, also known as the Devil&#39;s Nine Stones, the Nine Ladies, or Lady Williams and her Dog, is a stone circle located near to the village of Winterbourne Abbas in the south-western English county of Dorset. Archaeologists believe that it was likely erected during the Bronze Age.</p><br>
<p>The Nine Stones is part of a tradition of stone circle construction that spread through much of Britain, Ireland, and Brittany between 3,300 and 900 BCE, during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. The stone circle tradition was accompanied by the construction of timber circles and earthen henges, reflecting a growing emphasis on circular monuments. The purpose of such rings is unknown, although archaeologists speculate that they were likely religious sites. At least nine of these stone circles are known to have been constructed near modern Dorset. They are smaller than those found elsewhere in Britain and are typically built from sarsen stone.</p><br>
<p>Located in the bottom of a narrow valley, the Nine Stones circle has a diameter of 9.1 metres by 7.8 metres (29 feet 10 inches by 25 feet 11 inches). It consists of nine irregularly spaced sarsen megaliths, with a small opening on its northern side. Two of the stones on the north-western side of the monument are considerably larger than the other seven. This architectural feature has parallels with various stone circles in south-western Scotland, and was potentially a deliberate choice of the circle&#39;s builders, to whom it may have had symbolic meaning.</p><br>
<p>Antiquarians like John Aubrey and William Stukeley first took an interest in the site during the 18th century. It later received archaeological attention, although it has not been excavated. Local folklore has grown up around the circle, associating it with the Devil and with children petrified into rock. The Nine Stones are regarded as a sacred site by local Druids, who perform religious ceremonies there. The circle is adjacent to the A35 road and encircled by trees. The site is owned by English Heritage and is open without charge to visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Nine Stones circle is positioned at the national grid reference 36100904, on the western edge of the village of Winterbourne Abbas in Dorset, Southwest England. Enclosed within iron railings, it is surrounded on three sides by trees and on the north side by the A35 road. The roots of a beech tree have engulfed two of the megaliths in the circle.</p><br>
<p>The archaeologist Aubrey Burl noted that while "this petite ring should be a delight to see", it was instead a "frustration" as a result of its restricted location. He noted that it was difficult to take clear photographs of the site because of the surrounding trees.</p><br>
<h2>Context</h2><br>
<p>While the transition from the Early Neolithic to the Late Neolithic—which took place with the transition from the fourth to the third millennium BCE—witnessed much economic and technological continuity, it also saw a considerable change in the style of monuments erected, particularly in southern and eastern England. By 3,000 BCE, the long barrows, causewayed enclosures, and cursuses which had predominated in the Early Neolithic had ceased being built, and were instead replaced by circular monuments of various kinds. These include earthen henges, timber circles, and stone circles. These stone rings are found in most areas of Britain where stone is available, with the exception of the island&#39;s south-eastern corner. Stone circles are most densely concentrated in south-western Britain and on the north-eastern horn of Scotland, near Aberdeen.</p><br>
<p>These stone circles typically show very little evidence of human visitation during the period immediately following their creation. This suggests that they were not sites used for rituals that left archaeologically visible evidence, and may have been deliberately created to serve as what the historian Ronald Hutton describes as "silent and empty monuments". The archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suggested that in Neolithic Britain, stone was associated with the dead and wood with the living. Other archaeologists have suggested that the stone might not represent ancestors, but rather other supernatural entities, such as deities.</p><br>
<p>Burl described modern Dorset as having a "thin scatter" of stone circles, with nine possible examples known within the county&#39;s boundaries. The archaeologist John Gale described these as "a small but significant group" of such monuments, and all are located within five miles of the sea. All but one—Rempstone Stone Circle on the Isle of Purbeck—are located on the chalk hills west of Dorchester. The Dorset circles have a simplistic typology and are of a comparatively small size in comparison to other British stone circles, with none exceeding 28 metres (92 feet) in diameter. All are oval in shape, although they perhaps have been altered from their original form. With the exception of the Rempstone circle, all consist of sarsen stone. Much of this may have been obtained from the Valley of Stones, a location at the foot of Crow Hill near to Littlebredy, which is located within the vicinity of many of these circles. With the exception of the circle at Litton Cheney, none display evidence of any outlying stones or earthworks around the stone circle.</p><br>
<p>The archaeologists Stuart and Cecily Piggott believed that the circles of Dorset were probably of Bronze Age origin, a view endorsed by Burl, who noted that their distribution did not match that of any known Neolithic sites. It is possible that they were not all constructed around the same date, and the Piggotts suggested that while they may well be Early Bronze Age in date, it is also possible that "their use and possibly their construction may last into the Middle and even into the Late Bronze Age".</p><br>
<p>Their nearest analogies are the circles found on Dartmoor and Exmoor to the west, and the Stanton Drew stone circles to the north. It is also possible that the stone circles were linked to a number of earthen henges erected in Dorset around the same period.</p><br>
<h2>Description and design</h2><br>
<p>The Nine Stones circle has been described by Gale as "probably the most well documented of all those surviving in the county". It measures 9.1 metres by 7.9 metres (29 feet 10 inches by 25 feet 11 inches) in diameter, as measured from a north-to-south direction. The stones are of sarsen or conglomerate. A gap between two stones on the side of the circle adjacent to the road may suggest that there was once a tenth stone in the monument. Given its dimensions, the circle could only accommodate a small number of individuals assembling within it.</p><br>
<p>Seven of the nine surviving stones are under 90 centimetres (3 feet) tall, but two of the north-west stones are considerably larger. Located opposite the circle&#39;s two shortest stones, one is thin and pointed, reaching 2.1 metres (7 feet) high, while the other is broader, measuring 1.8 metres square (6 feet by 6 feet). The largest of the stones weighs approximately 7.3 tonnes (8 tons) and would have required the efforts of many people to move and erect it.</p><br>
<p>This disparity between the sizes of the megaliths is unparalleled among the other surviving stone circles in the Dorset area, and may have been a deliberate choice by the circles builders, perhaps reflecting sexual symbolism. There are a number of similar circles in south-western Scotland, for example the Loupin Stones, Ninestane Rigg, and Burgh Hill, all of which share the architectural feature of having two taller stones on their perimeters. Potentially supporting this link between Dorset and south-western Scotland is the fact that the Grey Mare and her Colts—a chambered long barrow located two and a half miles south-west of the Nine Stones—displays architectural similarities with the Clyde-Solway tradition of chambered long barrows.</p><br>
<h3>Landscape context and related monuments</h3><br>
<p>The circle is located at the bottom of a narrow valley. Though this is unusual for a monument of this type, the Dorset Rempstone stone circle was also erected within a valley.</p><br>
<p>The antiquarian John Aubrey recorded a further stone circle, located about a kilometre (half a mile) to the west of the Nine Stones, which was of similar dimensions to it. It was later destroyed, although as of the 1930s three stones were recorded as remaining at the site. Gale later suggested that this site may not have even been a stone circle at all, but might instead have been the remains of an Early Neolithic chambered tomb. He noted, however, that "as nothing remains it is at the moment impossible to resolve".</p><br>
<p>There is also a fallen standing stone known as the Broad Stone which measures 2 metres (6.6 feet) in length and which lies beside the road about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) to the west of the Nine Stones. As it was recorded in the 19th century it measured 3 metres (10 feet) in length, 2 metres (6 and a half feet) in breadth, and 0.6 metres (2 feet) in thickness. The monument was protected from passing cars by several bollards which were later removed by the highways authority, prompting statements of concern that the stone was unprotected in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<h3>Antiquarian and archaeological research</h3><br>
<p>The circle was recorded by Aubrey in the 17th century, and then by William Stukeley in the 18th century. Aubrey recorded the presence of nine megaliths at the site, as did Stukeleys 1723 drawing of it. In the nineteenth century the site was visited by the antiquarian Charles Warne, who wrote about it in his 1872 book Ancient Dorset. He claimed that he could discern the existence of a tenth stone, although on visiting the site in 1936, the Piggotts noted that they could find no evidence of this. Gale later stated that this claim "has never been substantiated". Warne had consulted Aubreys manuscript, but confused Aubreys illustration of the Devils Quoits at Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, for a monument that he believed had once been located near to the Nine Stones.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, the local council decreed that—along with the Grey Mare and her Colts and the Tenant Hill stone circle—the site would be registered as an "ancient monument" under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882. In August 1916, the site was then listed as a scheduled monument. The circle was included in the archaeologist O. G. S. Crawford&#39;s Map of Neolithic Wessex, printed by the Ordnance Survey in 1932. As of 2003, the site had not been excavated.</p><br>
<h3>Folklore</h3><br>
<p>In 1908, the stone circle was known as the "Nine Ladies" and the "Devils Nine Stones", and in 1941 they were associated with both the Devil and human sacrifice in local folklore. As of 1968, the stone circle was still known as the "Devils Nine Stones". In 1966, a man from Winterborne St Martin claimed that the stones were the Devil, his wife, and his children. There are many ancient sites across Britain with names that associate them with the Devil. Examining such place-names, the folklorist Jeremy Harte argued that they did not develop during the Christianisation of England in the early Middle Ages, but rather they were applied to such sites in later centuries, often supplanting the name of an earlier folkloric or legendary figure.</p><br>
<p>In 1965 a woman from the Isle of Portland stated that her own father had always raised his cap when passing the circle. At the same time local folklore was recorded as holding that the stones in the ring could not be counted. This "countless stones" motif is not unique to this particular site, and can be found at various other megalithic monuments in Britain. The earliest textual evidence for it is found in an early sixteenth-century document, where it applies to the stone circle of Stonehenge in Wiltshire, although in an early seventeenth-century document it was being applied to The Hurlers, a set of three stone circles in Cornwall. Later records reveal that it had gained widespread distribution in England, as well as a single occurrence each in Wales and Ireland. The folklorist S. P. Menefee suggested that it could be attributed to an animistic understanding that these megaliths had lives of their own.</p><br>
<p>The archaeologist Leslie Grinsell reported that in the mid-1970s, he learned of a folk tale that the stones had once been children who were turned to stones as punishment for playing Five-Stones on a Sunday. This folk motif of humans turned to stone for revelling on a Sunday had been attached to a range of prehistoric monuments across south-western Britain by the early eighteenth century, although it had been first recorded in Cornwall in 1602. It is likely connected to Sabbatarianism, and may have been spread by Protestant preachers.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, Harte talked to various individuals who lived in the local area, finding that the monument was also known as "Lady Williams and her Dog" or "Lady Williams and her Little Dog Fido", a reference to a family who lived at Bridehead House, Littlebredy. He also related a story that on 23 January 1985, a breakdown van was towing a car past the Nine Stones when, at 9:15pm, its engine cut out and the lights on both vehicles failed. Press coverage speculated that the event was linked to both a ley line passing through the site and to unidentified flying objects that have been reported above the nearby Eggardon Hill.</p><br>
<h3>Recent developments</h3><br>
<p>The site is in the care of English Heritage, and can be visited at any time. The circle is considered a place of religious importance to a modern Druidic group called the Dolmen Grove Druids.</p><br>
<p>They have described having to confront individuals shouting abuse at them while they have performed their rituals at the stone circle.</p><br>
<p>In October 2007, the sides of the stones facing the road were daubed in white paint with the slogans "Read family court hell" and "F4J". "F4J" was also painted on to the side of Dorset&#39;s Hardy Monument. The activist group Fathers4Justice—whose acronym is "F4J"—denied any responsibility, condemned the action, and suggested that the slogans had been painted on by unknown individuals in an attempt to discredit the group. Concern about the vandalism was expressed by the National Trust, the local landowner, and the Dolmen Grove Druids.</p><br>
<p>North Carolina Polytechnic Academy, founded as Hillsborough Military Academy and also known as North Carolina Military Academy, was a school in Hillsborough, North Carolina. Col. Charles C. Tew CSA founded Hillsborough Military Academy. He was later killed in action at Battle of Antietam in 1862 on the eve of his promotion to brigadier general. Architect John A. Kay designed the Hillsborough Military Academy barracks building and commandant&#39;s house. Edmund Strudwick was the doctor for the Hillsborough Military Academy in the 1860s and cared for soldiers wounded in the Civil War at his home nearby.</p><br>
<p>The commandant&#39;s house is a two-story, roughly square, castellated brick building in the Gothic Revival style. It is three bays wide and three bays deep and has rectangular turrets at each corner.</p><br>
<p>After the war the school was run by Colonel White and then General Raleigh E. Colston. The curriculum was revised in 1867 to include civil courses. The North Carolina state legislature changed the name to the North Carolina Military and Polytechnic Academy and established a program in which eight students could attend the school free of charge in return for two years of teaching in the state. This last reincarnation of the Military Academy was a failure and General Colston relocated to Wilmington, North Carolina in 1868.</p><br>
<p>In 1872 Paul C. Cameron purchased the Academy buildings and in 1874 convinced James H. Horner of the Horner School and Ralph H. Graves of the Graves School in Oxford, North Carolina to "remove to the Military Academy buildings". The new school also failed two years later due to the illness of Horner and the death of Graves.</p><br>
<p>The Cameron family sold the property to the Farmers’ Alliance in 1895 and it was sold to a developer in 1919. The barracks and outbuildings were dismantled and the bricks used the construction of other buildings. The headquarters building became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and became a private residence known as the "Commandant’s House" while the academy&#39;s chapel remains in use as a parish of The United Episcopal Church of North America.</p><br>
<p>Peacock Brewery, also known at times as the Rockford Brewing Company and the Rock River Brewing Company, is a historic pair of buildings on the east side of the Rock River in Rockford, Illinois, United States. It was Rockford&#39;s largest brewery for almost seventy years.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>British immigrant Jonathan Peacock moved to Rockford, Illinois in 1849. Peacock had learned the brewing trade in England before working in Chicago&#39;s Lill & Diversey brewery. He purchased a house on Madison Street and began to brew beer in the back. Peacock ground malt in a coffee mill, brewed it in a wash boilers, and delivered his product to customers via wheelbarrow. With the connection of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad to Rockford in 1852, Peacock was ready to serve the droves of immigrants that followed.</p><br>
<p>By 1857, Peacock&#39;s operation had grown to a point where he could no longer simply brew out of the back of his home. He built a new brewhouse next door to meet demand. In the summer of 1894, a fire ravaged the brewhouse. Peacock immediately rebuilt, but died two years later. His sons, Frank and Edward, inherited the business. Under their leadership, the brewery produced over 20,000 barrels of beer per year. The most popular beer was Nikolob. Both sons died of tuberculosis in 1899, and the brewery was sold to Croatian immigrant John V. Petritz.</p><br>
<h2>1900s</h2><br>
<p>John Petritz had moved out west to Montana in the 1880s and made a fortune in liquor production and distribution. After he decided to move back east, he decided to purchase a large brewery. With the Peacock Brewery under his ownership, he hired St. Louis architects Widmann, Walsh & Boisscher to design a large, modern brewhouse. Replacing the older brewhouse, the $100,000 brewhouse had state-of-the-art technology and advanced production to 75,000 barrels a year. Petritz renamed the company the Rockford Brewing Company. He purchased a bottling company in 1900, replacing it with a newer building in 1902.</p><br>
<h3>Prohibition</h3><br>
<p>Petritz struggled to keep up with new liquor license and tax laws in the early 20th century. By 1916, he had accrued 270 violations and faced fines exceeding $2,000. In 1917, Winnebago County passed a law enforcing prohibition. Petritz ignored the law and continued to produce beer at his brewhouse. John V. Petritz, his son Frank, and manager Earl Blewfeld were arrested that year for the violations. Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Kenesaw Mountain Landis oversaw the trial, which became a local media sensation. Petritz was forced to pay a combined $15,000 to the city and county in a settlement for 1,250 violations of liquor laws. The license for the Rockford Brewing Company expired in 1918 and was not renewed.</p><br>
<h3>Rock River Brewing Company</h3><br>
<p>Petritz used the old brewing buildings to start a new warehousing business. Another one of his sons, John G., tried to restart the brewery after prohibition ended. Sold under the name Petritz, the beer was produced in Chicago and bottled in the Rockford buildings. One of his partners, Samuel Hirsch, bought out the other partners in 1937 and changed the name to the Rock River Brewing Company. Producing Coronet Old Vat and Grand Prize beers, the brewery finally came to a closure in 1945.</p><br>
<h2>2000s</h2><br>
<p>On November 22, 2011, the brewery buildings were recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. It was highlighted as the featured property of the week.</p><br>
<p>Today, the building is undergoing renovation towards being reopened as Rockford Brewery in spring 2014. The Ice Cellar Bar, one of three event rooms has been updated with a 10-line draft system and changeable colored LED lights set into he base of the copper lined bar. The lighting overhead is now renovated to LED lights shine through a surface that resemble the blocks of ice once stored in this room. The overhead lights are made from ancient beer and liquor bottles, many produced here originally. The bar&#39;s copper lining is the same aged color as the copper vats once used in the brewing process. The beams and bar supports are raw steel as was commonly used in the industrial age.</p><br>
<p>Winchester Dam is a dam on the North Umpqua River in Winchester, Oregon. Constructed in 1890, the dam was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Winchester Dam was made from large timber cribs. Originally, the dam was a mere four feet high, which was raised to sixteen feet in 1907. The dam was the main source of water and electricity for the town of Roseburg until 1923. The dam&#39;s hydropower facilities have long since been removed, and the structure is now maintained solely for the recreational benefit of the Winchester Water Control District, composed of the private landowners surrounding the reservoir pool.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, conservation group Oregon Natural Resources Council released a report titled "Damnable Dams" which called for the removal of a number of Pacific Northwest dams, including Winchester Dam, because of the harm these structures caused to salmon and other fish. Since then, other dams on the "Damnable Dams" list have come down, including Savage Rapids, Elk Creek, and Gold Ray dams in southern Oregon. However, Winchester Dam has remained. In 2013, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife placed Winchester Dam on the Statewide Fish Passage Priority List, an official listing of Oregon&#39;s top artificial obstructions to native migratory fish.</p><br>
<h2>Fish Counting Station</h2><br>
<p>Although the fish ladder at Winchester Dam does not meet current federal standards for passing fish, it has generated information for fishery management decisions since 1945. There is a fish counting station maintained by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife here. At the station, biologists count fish to monitor population, design management methods, and prescribe angling regulations. Since 2015, funding for fish counting at the station has been significantly reduced, and local fishermen have questioned the accuracy of the station&#39;s results.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hartridge, with somewhat of a figure eight shape, has a surface area of 433 acre. This lake is on the north side of Winter Haven, Florida. Most of the lake&#39;s west shore is bordered by residential areas. The northwest shore is bordered by woods. The north shore is bordered woods and clearings. The northeast is bordered by more clearings. The east central and southeast shores are bordered by woods and a few residences. At the very southeast corner is Aldora Park, a small public park. The south shore is bordered by a large church. On the southwest shore is Lake Hartridge Nature Park, a public park.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hartridge has public access at both Lake Hartridge Nature Park and Aldora Park. The Nature Park has a public boat ramp just off Beach Parkway. This park has a fishing pier, a.5 mi walking trail around a pond, a playground and picnic facilities. This Lake is part of the south part of the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes system. A canal on the southwest side connects Lake Hartridge to Lake Idylwild. Another canal on the northeast side connects the lake to Lake Conine. This lake has no public swimming areas. Nothing is reported on the species of fishes in this lake.</p><br>
<p>Monticello Arcade is a historic shopping arcade located in Norfolk, Virginia. It was built in 1907 on land leased from the Selden Grandy Estate, and is a three-story, Beaux Arts style steel frame building faced in molded and polychromed terra cotta. Both the facades are seven bays in length and are composed of a two-story Ionic order surmounted by an elaborate cornice, with an attic story above. The interior plan consists of a longitudinal mall open to the roof, lit by skylights,</p><br>
<p>and entered through the central bay of each facade.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, business boomed in the Arcade as downtown Norfolk’s commercial area expanded until the Great Depression, at which time Monticello Arcade Company, Inc. filed for bankruptcy and the building returned to the Grandy Estate. The Arcade survived the remainder of the Depression in the hands of its new owners and went on to prosper in postwar Norfolk. Businesses in the downtown area began to suffer in the early 1960s, and during that time the Monticello Arcade began to deteriorate as revenues decreased. By the 1970’s, the Arcade was in poor condition with only a few remaining tenants. Threat of condemnation loomed until 1975, when the building attained landmark status. In 1976, management of the Arcade was taken over by the newly-created Monticello Arcade Limited Partnership. By the early 1980s, downtown Norfolk had been significantly restored, which resulted in recovery of Arcade business. Today the Monticello Arcade remains at the heart of Norfolk&#39;s business and retail district.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s AME Church is a historic congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1840, it was the first African American Episcopal Church in Virginia. It moved to its present location on East Bute Street in what is now Downtown Norfolk in 1848.</p><br>
<p>The historic church building was built in 1888, a red brick structure in the Richardsonian Romanesque style with a large, heavy and steeply pitched slate roof and two flanking towers. The building features a centered stone entrance portico, containing the main entrance to the church. The portico is built of light grey freestone in a style reminiscent of the ambulatory of a Romanesque abbey and consists of two large openings headed by semi-circular arches. The building houses a large sanctuary and horseshoe-shaped balcony with a seating capacity of 1,500 people. Also on the property is the contributing parsonage; a 2½-story, four-bay, brick dwelling in a simplified Second French Empire style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The site of the former preceptory at Temple Hill, South Witham. It has been largely under pasture since the Knights Templar left in 1308.</p><br>
<p>Withham Preceptory, one of the smallest Knights Templar preceptories in England, was founded, before 1164, at Temple Hill, near South Witham, Lincolnshire, and was abandoned in the early 14th century.</p><br>
<h2>Founding and establishment</h2><br>
<p>Margaret Percy and Hubert de Rie were "great benefactors, if not founders" of the preceptory, which began as "a simple hall with outbuildings" before 1164. also included a water-mill, fishponds and "other water-control features".</p><br>
<h3>Chapel</h3><br>
<p>The rectangular chapel, constructed between 1200 and 1220, was unusual for a Knights Templar preceptory, as the Templars typically built distinctive rounded churches, to resemble the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, a practice which "was unique in medieval England". Its size was around 12.8 by, with a stairwell in the northwest corner, that may have led to a bell tower. Two large footings, to the north of the altar, may be evidence of an Easter Sepulchre and a wall safe. During 20th-century excavations, burial remains were found within the chapel: to the south, a body that had once been in a wooden coffin, the coffin having disintegrated over time, and, to the north, a body in a stone coffin without a lid. A possibly corresponding stone coffin lid, dated to 1250, had been used, from around 1550, as part of a nearby footbridge over the River Witham, before being moved to the church of St John the Baptist at South Witham in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Late 13th century</h2><br>
<p>In the late 13th century the hall and chapel were rebuilt, the farmstead complex was expanded and enclosed by a wall. The preceptory, at its largest, was: "Set about a great court, they had included a gatehouse on the north, a fine range of barns on the west, a domestic complex with hall, chambers, chapel and kitchen on the south-east, and a workshop area, with its ovens and kilns on the east." In total, foundations for eighteen buildings have been located, ranging in size from 4 metres by 8 metres to 10 metres by 24 metres. Remains have also been found for what has been interpreted as a kitchen garden, and also a hall keep, intended as a place of refuge in times of crisis.</p><br>
<h2>Disestablishment and Knights Hospitaller</h2><br>
<p>After the arrest of the Knights Templar in 1308, and the sequestering of their lands by the Crown,</p><br>
<p>The Knights Templar order was formally disestablished by Pope Clement V, in 1312, and the Witham preceptory was completely abandoned by 1324. of the South Witham church, but are believed to have left the former preceptory uninhabited, and eventually incorporated the landholding into their estate at Temple Bruer.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>In 1563, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the property, then known as Great Temple, was granted, by Elizabeth I,</p><br>
<p>The preceptory site, recorded as uninhabited in the late 18th century, along with the Wimberleys mansion, the post-house, and other lands, then passed to Lord William Manners, younger brother of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland. From Manners, it went to a descendant, Lionel Tollemache, 8th Earl of Dysart, who held possession in the mid-1800s. Describing the preceptory in 1837, Thomas Moule wrote that the foundation of the building only remains, and they extend over several acres&#39;.</p><br>
<p>During the 1960s, archeological excavations commenced, which, as it had mainly been used for pasture, meant that post-medieval disturbance had been minimal. Items found during the digs included a gilded ring, knights head belt buckle, arrowheads and horseshoes.</p><br>
<p>A second archeological excavation took place in the area, in April 2002, following preliminary work in December 2000. Evidence from the 11th to 15th century suggest large scale ironwork and bread-making in South Witham to supply local religious houses.</p><br>
<p>Pitts-Inge is a historic commercial building located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1820, and is a two-story, Federal style, brick building. Only the right half of the building, with two stories and the bays were part of the original structure.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Inge&#39;s Store is a grocery, built in the Federal Style, in 1820 by Johnson W. Pitt, originally as a residence. Its significance is in its style, its metal canopy, and its historic ownership, belonging to and operated by the same family since 1890.</p><br>
<p>In 1820, Pitt bought two unimproved lots from Joseph Bishop for 100 dollars. Pitt built a house on the lot, and sold it to Lawrence P. Catlett for $1,000 in September 1821. Catlett sold the property for $812.84 in September 1828 to William F. Gooch, who sold it in January 1883 for $700. A brick kitchen was added during this time. In 1841 it was purchased, with improvements, for $2,000 by the Methodist Episcopal Church to be used as a parsonage. The church was forced to sell the house at public auction to Nimrod Sowell for $1,220 in 1842.</p><br>
<p>In 1850 it was purchased by Harris & Taylor and became an iron foundry. In November 1853 it was sold to Musgrove and Patterson, merchants. When Musgrove and Patterson&#39;s business ended, the property was sold for $1,900 to John M. Barksdale and John N. Fry. During their 4 year ownership a smokehouse was added. In 1863, the property was sold to Isaac and Simon Letterman for $4,050. In 1887, the property was sold for $2,500 to Liebichen Levine, who then sold it to George Pinkney Inge for $3,000 in February 1890.</p><br>
<p>Inge had been born a slave. He worked as a school teacher in Charlottesville, but opened the building at 331-333 West Main for business in July 1891. The Inge family continued to operate the property until it was sold to Leslie C. Lafon in December 1979.</p><br>
<p>By 1896, the building had doubled in size, with a second wing added. By 1907 a frame porch was added to the rear, and by 1920 more rooms were added, bringing the building to its current shape.</p><br>
<p>The Racine Heritage Museum is a historical museum building and former Carnegie library, located at 701 S. Main St. in downtown Racine, Wisconsin. Designed by John Mauran in the Beaux-Arts style, It is also the home of the Racine County Historical Society. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>John Mauran designed the building, in an architectural style that has been described varyingly as Beaux-Arts and as Renaissance Revival. The two-story building is constructed of Bedford limestone and brick, with accents in "St. Louis granite pressed brick" and buff-colored terracotta. This terracotta is used to create many embellished decorations on each of the building&#39;s facades.</p><br>
<p>The front of the building faces west toward Main Street, dominated by a Roman arch with an Ionic portico, topped by a broken pediment. The transom plaque, not original to the building, reads "Racine County Historical Society". The frieze features the words "Free to the People". On the north facade, facing Seventh Street, a panel reads "Intelligence is the Foundation of Prosperity and Social Order". An accompanying panel on the south side read "Ye Shall Know the Truth and the Truth Shall Make You Free." The original east facade was destroyed by an expansion of the building in 1989, and a 1981 survey records nothing significant about it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The idea of a public library for Racine was first proposed at a meeting of businessmen and ladies at the home of A. Arthur Guilbert in 1895. A library association was founded the following year, which lobbied for a successful ballot referendum that provided city funding to the project. Some city philanthropists, including William Horlick, offered additional funding. The citys first public library, located in a room in the Secor Block, thus opened in September 1897. Almost immediately afterward, the library association began raising funds for a permanent library building in West Park, but their efforts were hampered when the City Council blocked that site from being developed. Meanwhile, the librarys board sought the aid of Andrew Carnegie, who had recently funded the construction of hundreds of libraries in the United States, and he ultimately offered a donation of $50,000 in 1901. However, it was stipulated that the library offer $5,000 of its proceeds to the Carnegie Foundation each year of its operation.</p><br>
<p>After contentious debate, the library board chose the southeast corner of Main and Seventh streets as the site for its new building. The site was purchased from Mary E. Hall in 1902. A number of plans for the building were submitted, and the one chosen was a design by John Mauran, a two-story stone and brick building in the Beaux-Arts style. The plans were presented at the convention of the Western Library Association in August 1902, where it was declared "The Library Beautiful". The building&#39;s cornerstone was laid on May 30, 1903, in a ceremony featuring judge Charles E. Dyer. Construction was contracted to A.H. Harcus and Co., and it opened to the public unceremoniously on March 16, 1904.</p><br>
<p>At the time of the librarys opening, it held 97,000 books in its collection. and proposals for a replacement in 1934 were inspired by the New Deals public works programs. Architects Kirchoff & Rose submitted a plan that year for a large five-story building on that site, which the PWA approved but which was never built.</p><br>
<p>Efforts to replace the Racine Public Library were renewed in 1954, with the city council approving the proposal to build in Memorial Park, although cost concerns reduced the size of the planned building. After the new library building opened on May 18, 1958, the old building was left vacant. Over 75,000 books were moved from the old library to the new in a single day. Various uses were proposed for it, including making it part of the University of Wisconsin–Racine campus or administrative offices for the Racine Unified School District. The Racine County Historical Society, then outgrowing its existing space in the county courthouse, held a campaign in 1960 to gain funding to buy the building.</p><br>
<p>The Racine County Museum opened May 18, 1962. The museum remained a separate entity from the Historical Society, with which it shared the building, until they merged in 1982. The museum has housed the Racine County Sports Hall of Fame since its creation in 2011. In addition to the former Carnegie library building, the historical society also owns the 1888 Bohemian Schoolhouse in Caledonia.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>As the primary historical museum of Racine County, the Heritage Museum is home to a large archival collection, which is kept in the basement, and features several permanent exhibits in the upper floors. These exhibits include:</p><br>
<p>"Racine County: Factory for the World", highlighting a variety of well-known commercial products that were manufactured in Racine.</p><br>
<p>"This Train is Bound For Glory: Racine County&#39;s Underground Railroad", focusing on abolitionist activism in Racine prior to the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>"Waterways", featuring artifacts from Racine&#39;s history as a Lake Michigan port and harbor, the centerpiece of which is a Fresnel lens from the Wind Point Lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>"An Amazing Journey: the Life and Legacy of Laurel Clark", showing artifacts recovered from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.</p><br>
<p>"Frank Lloyd Wright in Racine"</p><br>
<p>"Racine Belles Baseball"</p><br>
<p>"Immigration and Settlement"</p><br>
<p>Other unique artifacts in the museum&#39;s collection include an Egyptian mummy formerly owned by William Horlick, Case an 1883 reverse-flue steam tractor, and a fully restored 1927 Case Model Y touring car.</p><br>
<p>The Haugh House is a two-story, Greek-Revival lodge I-house residential building with a standing-seam gabled roof, wrapped in weatherboard, built about 1855. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 18, 2011.</p><br>
<p>It is in the center of the Cross Keys Battlefield in Rockingham County, Virginia. It has six-over-six windows with double-hung wooden sash, exposed floor and ceiling joists, a large center hall, original, interior chambered moldings and hand-planed partition walls. It originally included two limestone chimneys, but they were damaged during the Battle of Cross Keys, during the American Civil War and subsequently removed.</p><br>
<p>John Haugh purchased 80 acres of land from his father-in-law in 1844, and began farming it. In about 1855, the house was added. A two-story rear ell was added in about 1915, and several outbuildings were added from the 1920s on.</p><br>
<p>The front portion of the building is a two-story, single-pile antebellum log I-house built in the vernacular Greek Revival style, and remains largely intact. It is three bays on a continuous cut limestone foundation. It has seven windows with six-over-six, double-hung wooden sashes, the bay has three two-over-two double-hung wooden sashes. This portion of the building suffered significant structural damage from heavy shelling during the Battle of Cross Keys.</p><br>
<p>The second portion of the house, a two-story, balloon-framed ell was constructed about 1915. Electricity was added in the late 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Catlett House is a detached Queen Anne style building from 1897 in Staunton, Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The three-story, three-bay building is on a raised corner lot in the city&#39;s Gospel Hill neighborhood. It has shingled outer walls on the two upper floors, with rough-faced stone on the foundation and first floor. It has a hipped and gable roof with large projecting gables and a rounded tower, which has a bell shaped roof with dark brown shingles. The front facade is split into three bays, with a projecting gable and a round turret on the ends, connected by a plain central bay. The ground floor has a wide verandah wrapping three sides of the house. It has nine fireplaces, and twenty-one leaded glass windows on the first floor. The house, formerly used as a retirement home for women is now the Berkeley House Bed & Breakfast.</p><br>
<p>Its significance in the NRHP is due to its architecture.</p><br>
<p>Cobble Hill Farm is a 196-acre farm in Staunton, Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2004.</p><br>
<p>One of the tenant farms lies across the street and is accessed from Woodlee Rd., and contains a frame, two-story, three-bay, center hall plan vernacular farmhouse, plus several outbuildings, with 46 acres of land. The second tenant farm consists of a frame, side-gabled, three-bay, -story I house with an ell addition, and sits on 63 acres of farm land.</p><br>
<p>Cobble Hill Farm has several contributing sites and structures, including a garden, pool, shed complex, dairy and feed barns, a summerhouse, a tower, and the buildings of the tenant parcels.</p><br>
<p>It is still a functional farm, producing sheep and hay. Its area of historical significance is in architecture and engineering.</p><br>
<p>The Heilbron House is a historic mansion in Downtown Sacramento, California. Built in 1881, it was initially the home of August Heilbron, a cattle rancher, merchant, and landowner who came from Germany.</p><br>
<p>The home is located just around the corner from Leland Stanfords iconic Stanford Mansion—marking the area as an upscale residential location for captains of industry. Heilbron hired Nathaniel Goodell, who also designed the home that later became the California Governors Mansion. Costing $10,000 in all, the Heilbron House is one of the few remaining historic structures in an area that is now primarily populated with office buildings for the State of California.</p><br>
<p>In the last 65 years, the mansion has served as a restaurant, bank, and art gallery, and now serves as an office for the California Department of Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>Epworth United Methodist Church, originally Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church, is a historic Methodist church located at Norfolk, Virginia. It was designed by two noted Virginia architects James Edwin Ruthven Carpenter, Jr.  and John Kevan Peebles , and built between 1894 and 1896. It is a rusticated granite with yellow sandstone trim church building in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The original building is divided into three sections: the cruciform sanctuary, the social hall and classrooms, and the pastor&#39;s study. The building features 22 beautiful stained glass windows, most notably the Ascension flanked by two Tiffany windows. It has a bell tower topped by a pyramidal red tile roof. The church was remodeled to its present appearance in 1921.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Arista Hoge House  in Staunton, Virginia is a private residence first built in 1882, with a massive and historically significant facade added in 1891. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982.</p><br>
<p>A Richardsonian Romanesque style facade of rough-cut brownstone with a metal gabled roof was added to the existing Italianate Style house. The facade is a two-bay, two-story structure with a full basement, while the main building is only two stories. The two bays of the facade are separated by a central stone chimney. The western side wall of the facade forms a rounded turret with a conical slate roof, and each story has triple one-by-one windows, round-headed on the lowest level and square-headed on the upper two floors. The eastern bay also has the triple windows motif, topped by a gable end with a round window. The front steps are on the east wall and recessed under an archway. The door has stained-glass panels and its landing is laid with colored tiles.</p><br>
<p>The original building is brick Italianate, with a porch addition built in the 1890s, around the same time the facade was built.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed worthy of historical recognition as an example of the changing tastes in local architecture in the late 19th century, being a brick Italianate main house, with a Romanesque facade, a Queen Anne style side-porch and a western Colonial Revival porch.</p><br>
<p>Praia da Baía dos Tirosis a beach within the Municipality of Aljezur, in the Algarve, Portugal. The beach is on the western Seaboard in the extreme north-west of the Algarve. It is inside the Vicentine Coast Natural Park. The beach is 2.2 mi north-west of the village of Maria Vinagre, and is 74.2 mi north-west, by road, from the regions capital of Faro.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This beach is also known as Praia da Quebrada and is difficult to access and is frequented more by fishermen than by holiday makers. The beach has no infrastructure support is not guarded, but is an ideal location for those who wish to enjoy an unspoilt natural environment. The beach is only accessible by a steep and rocky trail which can be difficult to follow.</p><br>
<p>West District  is a district in west Chiayi City, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The West District was established on 6 October 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative divisions</h2><br>
<p>Shuyuan, Yonghe, Xinfu, Wenhua, Xirong, Panshe, Guohua, Daxi, Zhuanyao, Fuquan, Fuan, Xinxi, Gangping, Tougang, Xiping, Liucuo, Zijiang, Meiyuan, Hunei, Shizi, Hongwa, Guanglu, Fumin, Judian, Chuiyang, Peiyuan, Yuying, Zhiyuan, Cuidai, Daoming, Beirong, Qingan, Xianghu, Zhongxing, Houyi, Hubian, Zhuwei, Baosheng, Baoan, Beixin, Xincuo, Baofu, Zhucun, Beihu and Xiabei Village.</p><br>
<h2>Government institutions</h2><br>
<p>* Chiayi City Council</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>* National Chiayi University - Sinmin Campus</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Art Site of Chiayi Railway Warehouse</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Cultural and Creative Industries Park</p><br>
<p>* Chia-Le-Fu Night Market</p><br>
<p>* Taiwan Hinoki Museum</p><br>
<p>* Wenhua Road Night Market</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>* TRA Chiayi Station</p><br>
<p>East District  is a district in east Chiayi City, Taiwan. The district is the city seat of Chiayi City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The East District was established on 6 October 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative divisions</h2><br>
<p>East District consists of the following villages: Duanzhu, Lantan, Tungchuan, Luliao, Lucuo, Wenya, Wangtian, Zhangzhu, Houzhuang, Xindian, Zuntou, Zhongshan, Taiping, Tungxing, Huanan, Zhongyang, Zhaoyang, Minzu, Guogou, Xinkai, Xuanxin, Xingnan, Fengnian, Fangcao, Fangan, Dingliao, Anliao, Anye, Xingcun, Xingan, Xingren, Beimen, Linsen, Zhongzhuang, Dingzhuang, Yijiao, Renyi, Houhu and Peiteng.</p><br>
<h2>Government institutions</h2><br>
<p>* Chiayi City Government</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>* National Chiayi University - Lantan Main Campus and Linsen Campus</p><br>
<p>* Tatung Institute of Commerce and Technology</p><br>
<p>* Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Science and Management</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Chiayi City Cultural Park</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Botanical Garden</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Jen Wu Temple</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Municipal Museum</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Park</p><br>
<p>** Chiayi Confucian Temple</p><br>
<p>** Kagi Shrine</p><br>
<p>** Sun-Shooting Tower</p><br>
<p>* Chiayi Prison Museum</p><br>
<p>* Hinoki Village</p><br>
<p>* Lantan Lake</p><br>
<p>* St. John&#39;s Cathedral</p><br>
<p>* Water Source Water Meter Room</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>* TRA Jiabei Station</p><br>
